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the 



ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY; 



OK, ILLUSTRATIONS FROM 



INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN. 



WITH EXPLANATORY REMARKS, AND MISSIONARY INFORMATION. 



EDITED BY 



THE REV. JOHN LIGGINS, 

MISSIONARY TO CHINA AND JAPAN. 







NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY HURD AND HOUGHTON. 

1867. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1800, by 

Rev. John Liggins, 

in the Clerk's Ollice of the District Court for the Southern District of New York. 



V^ 



RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE! 

ELECTROTYPE© AND PRINTED BY 

;<. ',. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 



INDIA. 



o 



MAHRATTA WOMEN. 

UR engraving represents some Mahratta 
women, elad in the native dress of long 




while cloth. There are, of course, classes su- 
perior to the ahove scattered over the land, 
whose wives and daughters dwell in distinct 
apartments, whose sleeping col Ion mat is a 
little more showy, whose 
waistclolh is whiter and 
more copious, whose drink- 
ing-vessels, instead of be- 
ing earthen, are of brass, 
and who dine off real plates 
of clay. But even under 
these more advantageous 
circumstances Hindoo wo- 
men are usually without 
education. It is, however, 
a cause of thankfulness 
that, under various influ- 
ences,the prejudice against 
female education is begin- 
ning to give way. Thou- 
sands of Hindoo girls now r 
attend the Mission Schools, 
and those which have heen 
estahlished by the govern- 
ment. 



EDUCATIONAL WORK. 



M 



ISSIONARIES were 
doing a great educa- 
tional work in India. There 
were no fewer than 96,000 
young- people receiving 
Christian instruction dai- 
ly ; and whenever schools 
were opened in the rural 
districts, there was no dif- 
ficulty in getting them 
filled. Owing to the 
degradation of women in 
India, it was considered wrong to teach them of the Gospel. They also exerted a great 
to read, and consequently the females of high influence over their sons, and kept them from 
caste had remained almost wholly ignorant becoming Christians. Many of the natives 



[ 1111. ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 

were n<>\\. however, anxious to Lave their tians, 20,218 of whom were communicants, or 

daughters taught. Two years ago we com- members of the Church of Christ. In the 

meneed a school in Madras, with four or five South Indian Missions of their own society, 

high-caste girls, and al the cud of lasi year there were 25,849 professing Christian's, of 

there were seven tj receiving instruction who whom 1808 were church members. Then; 

were then able to read the Gospel in their was not a caste thai had not its representa- 

own language. In the Madias presidency tives in the native Christian churches. — Rev. 

there were, in connection with all the mis- George Hall, Madras. 
sionan societies, 110,000 professing Chris- 




CHURCH MISSIONARY SCHOOL, 
PESHAWUR. 

ri"Mli> engraving represents the school 

A premises of the .Mission of one of the 

English at Peshawur. Ifouryoung 

readers will look on a map of Asia, arid - 

the Indus in the north of Hindostan, they 

will -'■<• the poKition of this city. If lies in a 

i egion of darkie- : hit herto t here has 

no! been much opportunity for the effori of 

the Christian missionary. The way, how- 

i- now being opened, and mi- ionaries 

are encouraged in the hope thai here, as 



everywhere, the Gospel will soon he freely 
proclaimed. 

The population of the city of Peshawur, 
where the English Church Missionary So- 
ciety have a station, amounts to about forty- 
six thousand. 

The missionaries preach in the bazaars and 
carry on a school. The pupils are often not 
children, but men, and of different nations, — 
some Persians, others Afghans, — who come 
with a desire to learn English, and to whom 
the missionaries have an opportunity of com- 
municating the knowledge which maketh 
wise unto salvation. 



INDIA. 



A GROUP IN A CROWD IN SINDH. the Gospel. The -roup of heads given in 

the picture will show ivhal the people are 

SINDH is a large country in the north of like. Thej \\<tc drawn by a clergyman who 
India, where missionaries are preaching is living in that country. One of the figures 

the young man with negro feat- 
ures, is a Nuhian, from the north- 
eastern part of Africa, who has, 
perhaps, been brought over as a 
slave. Another figure, the old 
Indian Mohammedan, is very 
commonly seen, with his white 
beard, very dark skin, and cun- 
ninj>- look. 




en 
a 



CONVERSATION IN A SHOP IN 
SINDH. 

AST year, in the month of April, the 
J_J group sketched in the picture before us 
might have been seen one morning at seven 
o'clock, gathered round two of 
the missionaries ; one of whom 
is engaged in earnest conver- 
sation with the Mussulmans, 
who formed the chief part of 
the audience. 



LEADING THE GANGES. 

A MISSIONARY says: -Ever 
the public works are doing i 
great deal for India, for when the 
great Ganges Canal was cut by the English, 
hundreds of Brahmins, on their bended 
knees, prayed that the Ganges would not go ; 
but it went, and they now say that if Eng- 
land can lead the Ganges where she likes, 
it is no goddess after all." 



A RAJAH'S ANNUAL GIFT. 

"T VISITED the Rajah of 
J- Burdwan," writes a mis- 
sionary, "and found him sit- 
ting in his treasury. Fifty 
bags of money containing one 
thousand rupees (.£100) each were placed be- 
fore him. 'What,' said I, 'are you doing 
with all that money ? ' He replied : ' It is 




for my god.' ' What do you mean by that ? ' 
I rejoined. ' One part is sent to Benares, 
where I have two fine temples on the river- 






I'll 



ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY 



side, and mam priests \\ln> praj for me ■. an- 
other pari goes to Juggernaut, and a third 
to liiiva.' \nd tlm^ one native is spending 
£5000 annually from lii^ income upon idle 
limins." 




mcHtie life in India i the degraded manner 

Hi liif-li female* are treated. Among the 

higher <;\a ■<• , the women have a separate 

rtment, and ar< at all times treated with 



THE FEMALES OF INDIA. 

npilE Hindoos nmsi, be regarded as in 
-■- some respects a civilized people living in 
towns, and engaged in different trades and pro- 
fessions. The 
Hindoos are, 
uponthewhole, 
a handsome 
people, li liv- 
ing intelligent 
and expressive 
countenances, 
with slender, 
graceful, and 
well-propor- 
tioned figures. 
It is supposed 
they belong to 
the Caucasian 
race, from 
which the Entr- 
lish and Ger- 
m a n s also 
sprang. 

T h e d r e s s 
of the women 
consists of a 
piece of calico or 
muslin, several 
yards in length, 
which is neatly 
and elegantly 
wound about 
the person, so 
that it falls 
over the figure 
in graceful 
folds. They are 
-} passionately 
fond of orna- 
ments. 

The saddest 
feature in do- 
!'• respect than the youngest of their sons. 
The girls of India are not educated ; they 
are married a I an early age, and henceforth 
become little more than domestic slaves. 



INDIA. 




AN INDIAN MONEY-CHANGER. 



OUR engraving- represents the Indian 
money-changer at his post. His face 
indicates great shrewdness. Like others of 
his class, he is sharp at a bargain, and not 
over-scrupulous. Yet can he become, as in 
some cases he has become, a useful servant 
and soldier of Christ. 



INDIAN POOJAH TO TOOLS. 

AT the festival of Sauri, wife of Seeva, 
one of the three principal Hindoo dei- 
ties, which is celebrated for several days in 
September, and is one of the most solemn of 
the Hindoo festivals, every artisan, as Dubois 
states, every laborer, all the world, in short, 
offer sacrifices and supplications to the tools 
and implements which they use in the exercise 






of their various professions. The laborer 
brings his plow, hoe, and other instru- 
ments, piles them together, and offers to 
them a sacrifice, consisting of incense, flow- 
ers, fruits, rice, and other similar articles ; 
after which he prostrates himself before 
them at full length. 

At the festival referred to, the women heap 
together their baskets, the rice -mill, the 
wooden cylinder with which they bruise the 
rice, and the other household implements, 
and fall down before them, after having 
offered the sacrifices described. 

Every person, in short, in this solemnity, 
sanctifies and adores the instrument or tool he 
principally uses in gaining 1 his livelihood. 
The tools are then considered as so many 
deities, to whom they present their supplica- 
tions that they would continue propitious, 
and furnish them with the means of living ; 
and to such a depth does this base idolatry 
descend. 



11 1 1 ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 




I'll;- 1 LESSONS IX IDOLATRY. 

WHAT a sad picture have we here, 
a poor pagan Hindoo mother 
kneeling before a hideous image <>i' Ga- 
nesa, the god of wisdom, and teaching 
her child to worship it. No wonder 
that the little creature starts back and 
in afraid to lifl up his hands. !!<• may 
wel\ be (Tightened \>\ meh a monster; 
but it i ii'ii |,m jible thai Ik; can <-\<t 
love i i . 

Little i hingf should do! be despised. 
Many straw • united may bind an ele- 
phant. 

Lei no human being be despised : 
who can tr-ll how oon even the lowest 
may \><; r;ji-<:<l ? — Proverbs of Vinlma- 
8hw in". " Hindoo Sage. 




mooiii A-BCHJINQ with a CATECHIST in sindii. 



INDIA. 



NATIVES OF COORG, HINDOSTAN. the goddess of the chief river of the coun- 
try, the Cavery. These are the priesthood of 
THE Coorgs arc divided into different the country, who are called Cavery Brahmins 
tribes, of which the Annua or Annua the Cavery continuing to be a great object o 
Kodaffa is the highest; Annua, signifying religious veneration. 



of 




But the principal place in Coorg idolatry 
is held by the worship of the dead, in whose 
honor annual sacrifices are offered by every 
family, accompanied occasionally with demo- 
niacal dancing. Drums are beaten and 
verses sung in commemoration of their ances- 
tors, whose spirits are supposed to take pos- 
session of the performers and use them as 
mouth-pieces. 2 



The men of Coorg are described as a " hand- 
some, athletic race, usually above the middle 
size. The women, although not so tall in 
proportion, are comely and fair, in compari- 
son of the men. Both sexes are laborious 
and industrious in the practice of agriculture, 
their main and almost exclusive employ- 
ment." 



LO HIE ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 

A SEEKEB APTEB TRUTH. since. Verj interesting accounts are given 

of incidents which occurred in her missionary 

[N one of the London Missionarj Society's life. Among them is a narrative of her being 

1 publications, there is an account of the risited by a lad), a native of India, who for 

labors of a mosf devoted missionary lad} in years and years was a seeker after truth. 

India. Mrs. Mullens. She died not long' The picture here given illustrates the meet- 




ingofthifl person with Mrs. Mullens. The 
account from which we copj -ays: 

•■ On Friday, the 28th June, while Mrs. 
Mullens was -sitting alone, taking a ha ty 
breakfast, a singular letter was put into her 
hand-. It bore unmistakable marks of being 
from a native, though it was anonymous. If 
ran thus : ' Madam, I have taken the liberty 
of introducing to you the bearer of this. 
She i- a Brahmin widow, and belongs to a 
most respectable and wealthy family at 15 — . 



She has visited all the chief shrines of ITin- 
dooism, seeking rest for her sou], and finding 
hoik;. For rest she now turns to Christian- 
ity. Madam, will yon receive her into your 
asylum ? Will yon teach her what truth is? 
I will add one word for your encouragement. 
There are other widows besides this one; ay, 
and there are married women, too, who are 
re i less in, and dissatisfied with, their own 
religion. They wish for something better. 
" ' Yours, Truth-lover and Truth-seeker.' " 



IN 1)1 \. 



11 



POURING OIL ON THE HEAD OF 
GANESA. 

TRAVELERS along every highway in 
India may be seen to pause continually 
to pay homage to some effete monster or 



oilier, which a stranger would probably have 
failed altogether to notice. The accompany- 
ing sketch represents a Brahmin, stopping in 
the open way, to pour oil upon the head of 
Ganesa, the god of wisdom, and to make him 
an offering of flowers. This is a very popu- 




lar deity, very hideously shaped, having an 
elephant's head attached to a body which 
caricatures the human form. Perhaps the 
well - known sagacity of the elephant has 
caused him to be looked upon as wiser than 
man, and as an emblem of divine understand- 
ing. Certainly, no elephant could be found 
to do so insane an act as this Brahmin is 
solemnly performing ; yet so embruted is the 
heathen heart, and so dark its mind, that 
the Hindoo cannot see his folly or know 
that he " has a lie in his riant hand." 



TINNEVELLY CHURCH. 

THE earliest register of the Tinnevelly 
Church bears date a. d. 1780, at which 
time the missions were under the fostering 
care of the Christian Knowledge Society. 
This register gives the number of Christians 
as thirty-nine. In 1863, the Church in Tin- 
nevelly numbered 32,311 baptized persons, 
and about 10,000 or 12,000 Catechumens; 
and in the Christian schools there were no 
fewer than 12,482 children ! 



E 



THE ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY 

THE BANYAN-TREE. 

veil tree is in itself a grove, and sonic 
:llv of wondrous size, as they arc con 



tinualh increasing ; m 



deed, unlike tnosi oilier <;u 



fM 



•^^'Z [J 





■ v'"v 



\ ,jM""</[-. 



THE COCOA-NUT TREE. 



j 1 1 [ \O0!^ 

.S UJi mm 



plants, they seem to be freed from the curse 

of decay ; for every branch from the main stem \f% ^ '•}? 1 

down it Own reel , ;it first in small ' ; ^jMM>^^k / >\>j 
tender fibres everal yards from the ground, \ }t'mjr^ 
which grow thicker and thicker, until by ,.;; -^ 
gradual de eenl the} reach the surface of the ''idSjf 
earth, strike in, and become parent-trees, 
throwing out new branches from the top. ran plantaj 




CEYLON. 



BUDDHIST TEMPLE, CEYLON. 

THERE are about one thousand millions 
of immortal souls in the world. Of 
those, three hundred and thirty millions are 
Buddhists. 




China is the great land of Buddhism; but 
about a million of these Buddhists live in 
Ceylon. Their temples stand in the most 
beautiful situations. Waving cocoa-nut 
palms, broad-leaved bread-fruit trees, flower- 
ing shrubs, with sweet-scented blossoms, sur- 
round the temple - court, 
and astonish the visitor by 
their loveliness. But enter 
the court and what a con- 
trast ! What do we see? 
A long-, narrow room, with 
no light but what strug- 
gles in through the door, 
or sometimes arises from a 
lew dim oil-lamps ; a shelf 
running from end to end 
of it ; a huge imag'e of 
painted clay, more than 
forty feet Ion g, lying 
stretched upon the shelf, 
with fixed, staring- eyes, as 
if quite unconcerned .with 
all things round about ; 
and a heavy, oppressive 
smell of smoking lamps 
and dead flowers, that have 
been offered to the image, 
reminding one strongly of 
the spiritual death and 
darkness of the blind wor- 
shipers. The progress of 
the Gospel amongst these 
Singhalese has been but 
slow ; yet here, too, God 
has not left himself with- 
out a witness. About fif- 
teen thousand of them have 
become Christians ; and 
there are several native 
ministers. 



SIBERIA. 



THE TIGER AM) HIS VICTIM. 



■ I \ I A years ago, Mr. Thomas W. Atkin- 



8 

traveler, made a journey overland trom St. 



son, an English artisl and a courageous 



Petersburgh to Hie mouth of the Amoor 
River, on the eastern side of the continent 
of Asia. He had numerous adventures with 
the wild men and also with the wild animals 
which live in some parts of Siberia and Mon- 
golia, and his life was often 
in the greatest danger. He 
gives the following illustra- 
tion of the dangers which 
travelers meet with in those 
regions : 

A chief was returning home 
with his newly wedded bride, 
when, of a sudden, he found 
that a robber band was in 
pursuit of them. Being 
mounted on fleet horses, the 
lovers put them into a gal- 
lop, and went over the plain 
at such a speed that tbe rob- 
bers gave up the chase. Af- 
ter riding several miles, they 
came to a sheltered spot, 
where they decided to en- 
camp for the night. While 
the chief was engaged in 
making a fire, his wife walk- 
ed to a secluded spot to offer 
up her evening devotions. 
Suddenly the chief was star- 
tled by a fearful shriek from 
iin< 



I his wile. Bushing towards 
the spot be was quickly 
topped by an object on the sand,— the lorn dragged. Souk, the chief, seized bis battle- 
and blood-stained garment of bis bride! axe and dashed into the jungle, but neither 
While she was kneeling in prayer, a tiger that evening nor tbe next morning could he 
sprung forth and killed her before she could discover any further trace of bis bride, and 
utter a second cry. Hi- huge paws were he returned to his home alone, and in the 
deeplj printed on the sand, and the trail greatest distress and agony. 
o b< een alone which me had been 




WESTERN MONGOLIA. 



A GROUP OF KIRGHIS WITH 
BRIDES. 



TWO 



nPlLE Kirghis arc a people who inhabit the 
-L vast plains in Western Mongolia, or (as 
it is sometimes called) Chinese Turkestan. 
They arc a nomadic race, and with their 
flocks and herds they wander over the im- 
mense plains of Central Asia. They have 
many a conHiet with their western neighbors, 



the Cossacks, and among both parties robber 
hands abound. The musician in the group 
here represented was the chief of a hand of 
robbers. Mr. Atkinson, the artist and cour- 
ageous traveler, — to whose interesting work, 
published by the Harpers, we are indebted 
for the engraving, — was often in the great- 
est peril from these robbers. Russia is now 
occupied in bringing under her yoke these 
wild tribes; and, with a view to that object, 




she has surrounded the steppes with Russian 
pickets, which are gradually encroaching 
upon the frontier, and reducing to submis- 
sion one tribe after another, until at length 
— their independence being broken — they 
shall become the subjects of the Czar. 

Just to the north of the Kirghis territory 
is that of the Mongol Buriats, in Southern 
Siberia. In the reign of the Czar Nicholas, 
two English missionaries labored among this 
latter tribe, but the despotic emperor ordered 



them to leave the country, as he did all other 
foreign missionaries in all other parts of the 
empire. He prohibited also the circulation 
of the Scriptures in the language "under- 
standed of the people." 

His successor, however, encourages the 
free circulation of the Scriptures; permits, 
with some restrictions, foreign missionaries 
to resume their labors, and aids what little 
missionary spirit there is in the Russo-Greek 
Church. 



CHINA. 



i:a gardens, shanghai. 



went ihis evening to explore the northern 
parts of the city. Entering by the smaller 



r |MlK scene depicted in the engraving is southern gate, we pursued our way for a mile 
that described by the Bishop of Victoria and a hall' through a, succession of populous 
in hi- first \i-it to Shanghai. He savs : " We streets and lanes, all partaking of the same 



T 



1 




mm 



ral features, and abounding with a, 
greater than u - mil number of tea-taverns, in 
which little companies, varying from ten to 
thirty persons, were generally assembled. 
For three or four brass cash, — less than 
one farthing, the laboring people of the 
pooresl ei., enter one of thee establish- 
ments, and indulge in a liquor which re- 



freshes hut does not intoxicate, while quiet 
harmony and peaceful order seem to be uni- 
versal among them. It is a, pleasure to con- 
trast the crowded state of these tea-taverns 
with the generally empty appearance; of the 
tsew fang, or wine-shops, in tin; immediate 
neighborhood." 



CHINA. 



J7 










3 



STREET SCENE IN A CHINESE CITY. 



SAYING OF CONFUCIUS. 

ONE of the sayings of Confucius 
is remarkable, from its resem- 
blance to our Saviour's golden rule. 
Confucius said, " Do not to others 
what you would not have others 
do to you." But the rule which 
Christ lays down for our guidance 
is, " Do to others as you would 
have others do to you." The re- 
semblance is such as does honor to 
the heathen sage, and yet the dif- 
ference is almost as great as that 
between heathenism and Christian- 
ity. To abstain from doing evil is 
a very different thing from active style of arranging the hair in the south of china. 

efforts to do good. The rule of Christ would is, that man's heart is originally pure, and 
lead his followers to send the Gospel to the that he may attain perfection, by simply fol- 
heathen. That of Confucius, too generally lowing out the impulses of this sinless heart, 
acted on in the world, even by good men, The other consists in leaving entirely out of 
would permit us to leave the heathen to per- view the world to come. — Culbertson's Flow- 
ish. Confucius and his followers have made enj Land. 
two great and fundamental mistakes. One 

3 




L8 



[Hi: ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 










i i M, STYLE OF CHINESE BRIDGES, 



ANECDOTE OF MORRISON, 

TTTJIKX Morrison, the Chi- 
» » new- missionary, the mai 
of God who first gave the Bible 
to China in its vernacular, offered 
himself to the directors of the 
London Missionary Soeiel v as a 
missionary to the heathen, liis 
appearance was so uncultivated 
and unpromising, that, hesitat- 
ing to accepl him as a candidate, - 
they inquired if he were willing 
to go simply as an assistant in 
one of the missionary schools? 
"Gentlemen," was young Mor- 
rison^ noble reply, "while the temple of 
Chrisl i- building, I am willingto be a hewer 
of wood or a drawer of water." In a mo- 
ment they decided that a man who eo loved 
Saviour, who was willing to undertake 




.- -.. - - - 



ii [DENCE OF REV. J. LISGINS AND REV. 0. M. WILLIAMS, IN TIMS 
INTERIOR OF CHINA. 

higher office of a missionary to the heathen. 
They accepted him as such, and the result 
proved that they were not mistaken in their 
judgment. If you love Christ you will be 
uilliti"' to undertake any service vour Lord 
any service for Christ, was the fittest for the and Master may appoint you. 



CHINA. 



I!l 





THE CITY OF NINGPO, CHINA. 

NINGPO is one of the five ports which 
were opened by the treaty of 1842. 
The English Church Missionary Society, 
and the American Presbyterian Board, 
have flourishing* missions at this city. 



CHINESE IMAGE OF BUD. 



TRUTH FROM FOLLY. 

THE heathen had a notion that the gods 
would not like the service and sacrifice 
of any but such as were like themselves. 

| And therefore to the sacrifice of Hercules 
none were to be admitted that were dwarfs ; 

J to the sacrifice of Bacchus, a merry god, 

| none that were sad and pensive, as not suit- 
ing their genius. An excellent truth may 

j be drawn from their folly ; — he that would 
please God must be like God. 



•'" 



THE (U;u.\ I M. PICTI RE GALLERY. 





A CHINESE BABY IN ITS WXSTES CKADLE. 



AN ITINERANT BARBER. 

IN the picture is a street-barber attending 1 
to a customer. Street-barbers arc. com- 
mon in China. On the loft is the barber's 
boy, carrying bis master's stock in trade;, as 
water is carried in India. Then there is a 
blind beggar. These, too, are common. 
They have a sort of right to alms, and stand 
at one's door, beating two pieces of wood 
together, till they get the little coin they 
look for. Seated on the ground is a fruit- 
seller. A lady and gentleman, in the cen- 
tre, complete the group. 



ox GIVING. 

Thieves may breal< in and bear away your gold, 

The cruel (lame may lay your mansion low, 
Your dues the faithless debtor may withhold, 

STour fields may not return the grain you sow, 
a p ( ridthrifl ti ward al your expense may live, 

Your ships may founder with their precious store; 
Hut wealth bestowed is safe — for what you give 

And that alone, is yours for evermore. — Martial. 



CHINA. 



21 



BAPTISM OF A CHINESE LEPEK. 

IN South Africa, Calcutta, and Fuhchau, 
China, there arc leper hospitals, where 
the missionaries go and preach the Gospel, 
and administer the consola- 
tions of religion to the pitiable 
objects who inhabit them. 
Though the leprosy is not, gen- 
erally speaking, infectious, yet 
the odor from the bodies of the 
lepers is exceedingly offensive 
and sickening ; and we can con- 
ceive of no greater proof of de- 
votion to the Master, and love 
for the souls for whom He died, 
than a willingness to labor in 
these Iazar-houses. 

There is no leper hospital at 
Shanghai ; but sometimes lepers 
are among the hearers when the 
missionaries hold open-air ser- 
vices in the neighborhood of 
that city. When we held such 
a service at a village about two 
miles from our mission prem- 
ises, a leper, about twenty-three 
years of age, was one of the 
most regular attendants. After 
a time he manifested a deeper 
interest, and came to me to be 
more fully instructed in the 
truth. I went through the 
Gospel of St. Matthew, and va- 
rious catechetical books with 
him, aud at his earnest request, 
I baptized him ; not doubting- 
of his trust in the Saviour, and 
his sincere desire to lead a 
Christian life. The disease had 
already made fearful inroads 
upon his physical frame, and it w r as evident 
that he could not live long. Soon after his 
baptism I went on a journey into the inte- 
rior of China, being absent four weeks. On 
my return I found that his spirit had been 
called to leave its corrupted tenement, I did 
not doubt, to enter the abode of the blessed ; 



and 1 took delight in thinking of that time 
when even his corruptible, yea, already cor- 
rupted hotly, should put on iiicorniption, and 
his mortal put on immortality; when his 
body, freed from every taint of sin and dis- 




STREET SCENE IN CANTON. 

ease, and made pure and spotless, yea, " fash- 
ioned like unto our. Saviour's own most glo- 
rious body," should be a fit habitation for his 
redeemed and sanctified spirit. Oh ! the 
wondrous efficacy of the Saviour's redeeming 
grace, and of his sanctifying and exalting 
power ! 



22 CHE ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 

CHINESE PEDDLER EXHIBITING HIS lady of rank, [n our own country such ped- 
WARES. dlers cany only inferior articles, and no lady 

of position is a purchaser; but in China, the 
rpius engraving represents a Chinese ped- reverse is the case. 
-L dler exposing his tempting wares to a 




IM SSIAN ECCLESIASTICS IX PEKIN. 

rpifK Russian ecclesiastics now in IVkin 

A have commenced an active propaganda, 
and their converts ah*eady numher three 
hundred. Thej have buiH a chapel at a vil- 
lage near Tien Tsin, with money subscribed 
by the people. All this has been done dur- 
ing the five years thai have elapsed since the 
treaties were made securing the toleration 
of Christianity. This is a decided slop in ad- 
1 . at previously the Greek Church in 
Pekin had taken no active measures to bring 
the Chinese and Manchu people among whom 
they dwelt, within the pale of the Christian 
Church. We would therefore give the priests 
composing the present mission - staff full 



credit for their zeal and success. They no 
doubt are acting under authority, and per- 
haps have been provoked by the presence and 
activity of the Protestant missionaries to 
fake aggressive stops upon the heathenism 
around them. It is to be hoped tlioy will 
not indiscriminately receive all who offer to 
join their communion, without examination 
and careful testing of motives and character. 
The Roman Catholic missions, by the neglect 
of this careful dealing with professed con- 
verts, and by exercising no vigilant care and 
proper discipline, have swelled their numbers 
with worthless materials. Such converts be- 
come a, scandal and a reproach to the Chris- 
tian name, and so put stumbling-blocks in 
the way of sincere inquirers. 



CHINA. 



2:; 



ORDINATION OF A NATIVE PRESBY 
TEIl AND DEACON IN CHINA. 



Boone; he being the first Chinese ever ad- 
vanced to this order in the Protestaul Epis- 
copal Church. 

We give below an engraving, from a pho- 
tograph, <>l' the firs! Chinese ever ordained to 



THE Rev. Wong- Kong-Chai, of the Amer- 
ican Episcopal Mission in China, having 
for several years " used the office of a deacon the diaconate by an English bishop 
well," was onlained presbyter by Bishop 




PORTRAIT OF A CHINESE DEACON. 

missionaries have brought the world under their circle? 
obligation by their labors 



Vf^ELL, how do the 
' * mild-eyed, phleg- 
matic Chinese suit your 
notion of the true, beau- 
tiful, and good? Is it 
possible to penetrate be- 
hind the skin, and really 
find a human heart? I 
always think of a China- 
man as inclosed in a sort 
of porcelain w r a p p e r, 
smooth enough, but for- 
bidding any but the most 
gentle handling. Is there 
any thing to love there ? 
or do you have to suppose 
a substratum really lova- 
ble, but imperceptible to 
mortal ken ? The Chi- 
nese seem a class thrust 
aside from other mortals, 
differing in toto cceh from 
all others of the human 
race. Such au uncouth 
language, such a singular 
polity, such an unexam- 
pled pot-pourri of relig- 
ious faiths, where one 
may take his pick or 
swallow the whole. They 
certainly are an interest- 
ing study. By the way, 
do you expect to save 
your shreds of time foi- 
st u d y of the people ? 
Some of your celestial 
Which rule of faith appears to 
shall you join you to have strongest hold upon the people ? 



24 



Till-; ORIEJS I Al. PICTURE GALLERY 



Do Buddhists look to- 
ward India with &uj 
tiling' of veneration as 
the birthplace of their 
faith? Do thej bold 
at all. nowadays, to 
their old metaphysical 
dogma el' annihilation 
as tin' blessed end of 
all lour r\ ils ? Nir- 
vana ? 1 have looked 
into Indian Buddhism 
a liti le, ami have found 

;i -.mil deal to interest ; 

certainly its system of 
ethics is far beyond 
any thing thai Brah- 
manism has ever been 
able to propound. 

Wli.it a beehive must 
be constantly buzzing 
about your ears! We. 
have no such swarms 
of people here, I fancy, 
;i~ \nu describe, fa- 
deed, I In' eounl ry does 
not seem to lie over- 
populated, t hough ham- 
lets are seal tered I hick- 
lv here ami there, f 
;ini glad you lake so 
kindly to your adopted 
tongue. Forgive me 
inv cruel aspersions 
upon its character. I 
ean hardly believe yet 
thai Hindoo children 
in •■lii per and laugh 
and chat a- readilj in 
I a -nil .1 I i ,, ii iii Eng- 
lish. Are there any 
,,,,.], fi,;,,,,. .,. na tive A Chinese teacher in winter dress. 

Christian lyric among you ? A great step of your missionaries speak Chinese us flu- 

for Christianity ha* been taken here by bring- ently as they do English? Such is not an 

ing forward native Chri fcian poetry. The uncommon thing here. I find my previous 

j,<-oj,i<- -in'_<- native melodies with a will, hut study of Tamil a, solid help. ... A. spirit of 

foreign importations with difficulty. Do any benevolence has come upon us, new here, and 




CHINA. 



25 



evidently from above. But the work of con- lions upon generations have been descending 

version is slow in progress, and the people in the stage of morality and religion, must 

are deplorably low in their state. It is utterly itself be a work of many generations. C<><1 

disheartening to labor among them, if one moves slowly, but time is nothing to Him. 

does not look for help beyond himself. The We can only watch and adore. — Letter from 

Christian ization of a people who for genera- a Missionary in India l<> one in China. 



i X - 




APPEALING TO THE ORACLE. 

rpHE Chinese, like all the people of Asia, 
*- is a fatalist, and he finds in his priest 
the interpreter of destiny. The mode of ap- 
pealing to the oracle is shown in the engrav- 
ing, and is at least ingenious. One of the 
inquirers takes a sort of quiver containing a 
number of small strips or laths of wood, each 
of which is inscribed with certain characters. 
This he shakes violently, watching anxiously 
the laths which, as he thus dislodges them, 
fall to the ground. If there he more than 
one inquirer, the others prostrate themselves 
with their faces in the dust, while a bonze 

4 



notes down in a book the characters inscribed 
on each of the fallen pieces as they escape 
from the quiver. Meanwhile, perfumes are 
kept burning in the sacred urn, and circular 
pieces of gold and silver paper are cast into 
the fire to propitiate the genius of the tem- 
ple. During the ceremony, a number of 
crackers are fired off to keep the presiding 
divinity awake and attentive to the proceed- 
ings. When the rite is finished, the priest 
informs the devotees of the success of their 
prayers, but he takes care to be sufficiently 
ambiguous in his declarations not to compro- 
mise the reputation of the idol he serves, 
whatever may be the result. 






THE ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 



M LN'S W BAKNESS, coirs 
STRENGTH. 









cur coining here. Put where I could see for 
mysell bhe surface appearance, the lir.sl im- 
pression was one of utter despair. I can't 
I\i;\l,i; in ovj life fell so stronglj the convey the grounds of my feeling; but look 
utter inefficiency of human means to- at a crowd of native men and women, — see 
ward the accouiplishnienl of the object of their dull, passionless faces, their staring, 

stupid, blank looks, 



wil li the marks of 
devotion to a false 
fail li patent, — and 
you ask yourself 
unconsciously, Can 
these .stones speak? 
But J believe a 
Christian cannot 
long remain in this 
mood ; at least 1 
did not, and it was 
with a positive 
sense of exhilara- 
tion that I looked 
upon them. There 
was the massive 
wall, built l>y the 
prime wisdom vl' 
the wicked one, 
appearing to grow 
larger and more 
portentous as I 
gazed upon it. I 
felt indeed my im- 
potence as never 
before, but there 
came over me such 
an exalted view of 
tin; simple might 
of God that the 
obstacle seemed 
already gone. 
-'Who art thou, 
great mountain ? 
before Zerubbabel 
thou sbalt become 
a, plain." I be- 




WMrii.'. PRAYERS to HEAVEN B\ BURNING THEM. 



lieve ilii* i the natural feeling of one, placed 

I ■,-,,> ; certainly I felt thankful lor it. 

and ib 1 hour passed pleasantly as I thought 



how the bare Word of God, if accompanied 
by the Spirit, could prevail against the whole 
force of Satan. 



CHINA. 



27 




Ab 



Mr? 






\ 

■ - 

4 

- m -p. 
^ I - 1 

1 k 




A CHINESE FUNERAL PROCESSION, shoulders of lour men to the cemetery; a 
(from a native picxure.) nnui goes before it with u basket in his hand, 

IN the picture you see a train of Chinamen containing paper money, which he throws on 
in a funeral procession, which, in most the ground as a sign thai he is paying toll to 
cases, takes place in the night. The coffin, the spirits of the earth, for the dead one which 
which is thick and heavy, is home on the is coming after ; behind the coffin, follow the 

friends and relatives of 
the deceased, who are 
clad in white, (their 
mourning color.) If 
you examine the pict- 
ure closely you will 
find on the background 
of the right side, some 
priests, who are heat- 
ing gongs and other 
instruments. "W h e n 
the train reaches the 
cemetery, the hearers 
stop, and the coffin is 
placed on the ground. 
Every one then steps 
forward, and, kneeling' 
before the dead, makes 
a number of hows to 
pay his last respects, 
while, meantime, the 
priests are saying pray- 
ers in a low tone. It 
is also customary, on 
such occasions, to offer 
sacrifices to all the spir- 
its, who, they believe, 
are staying near the 
earth, and beg them to 
be kind to their new 
companion who is going* 
to join them. After per- 
forming all these cere- 
monies, the coffin is let 
down into the grave 
amidst the loud cries of 
the living. 



While the heathen have their gods of wisdom, gods of battle, gods of beauty, &c, they 
have no god of holiness, nor are their sacred laws holy laws. 




2S 



THE ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 



SALE OF PRAYERS IN A CHINESE ers to suit the wishes of purchasers. A crowd 
TEMPLE. of eager applicants gather around this stand. 

Some purchase but one of these prayers 

r |Mli; five priests in the picture who are others eight or ten, or even twenty or thirty. 

1- seated are engaged in writing. They They purchase not only for themselves but 

arc filling up the blauks of the printed pray- for .sonic of their neighbors, by whom they 




v ;yl ' ! : 



have been commissioned, and who are per- 
haps unable to attend themselves. The 
priests derive a handsome revenue from the 
of these prayers, as well as from the 
candles and incense -licks. A prayer that 
eo i- lint a single cash they sell for eight or 
ten. 

Those who cannot afford to pay for these 
!!'■'•' Li ai tides of worship musi noi expeei 
the favor of the god, and therefore need not 
look for courtesy from the priests. Here a 

poor beggar woman is soliciting money to 

help her to offer her prayers with the rest. 
there is a wretched man in rags, crawling 

about under the feet of the crowd, on his 

hands and knees, -soliciting alms. He is 



ordered off the premises by the compassion- 
ate priests. 



A 



A CHINESE MARTYR. 
CHINESE missionary says: "There 



was a noble man in the south of China 
connected with Dr. Legge's church, who 
preached the Gospel to his fellow-country- 
men, and Cod gave him some fifty souls as 
his hire. The man was called upon by the 
heathen to give up Christ or die. He said : 
< I can bul die, but I cannot forsake Christ.' 
They plunged a knife into his heart, and 
threw his body into the stream." 



JAPAN. 



JAPANESE HOUSES. 

r IM:IE houses of the Japanese are as singu- 
-■- lav as the people themselves. They con- 
sist of a house within a house. 



And first, as to the outer house Of the 
better classes, the houses are of stone, or arc 
constructed of a frahie-work of bamboo, or 
lath, covered with tenacious mud; this, be- 
ing covered with a coat of plaster, is either 



N 



i : 




r-^rrr&r-^ 



A JAPANESE IIOCSE OF TILE BETTER CLASS. 



painted or becomes bleached by exposure. 
Mouldings are often arranged in diagonal 
lines over the surface of the building, and 
these being painted white, and contrasting 
with the dark ground behind, give the houses 
a curious piebald look. The roofs are often 
of tiles, colored alternately black and white, 
the eaves being extended low clown in front 
of the walls, so as to protect the inmates 
from the sun, and the oiled paper windows 
from the effects of the rain. There are, be- 
sides, movable shutters, which by night are 
fastened to the posts which support the ve- 
randas. 

The inner house is a large frame-work 



raised two feet above the ground, and di- 
vided into several compartments by means of 
sliding panels. The raised floor, which ex- 
tends over the whole area of the house, is 
covered with white mats, made soft and thick 
hy being lined at the bottom with straw. 
These are very neatly woven and bound with 
cloth, and are all of the uniform size pre- 
scribed by law, being three feet by six, and 
placed in rows upon the floor so neatly as to 
have the appearance of one piece. Upon 
these mats the people sit to take their meals, 
to converse with their friends, and lie down 
at night to sleep, having then a quilted mat 
for a cover, and a hard box for a pillow. 



30 



THE ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY. 



JAPANESE WOMEN. 



T 



bave almost as muck liberty as American 

females. tiirls arc educated as well as boys ; 

HE condition of females in Japan is far and foreigners in Japan arc favorably im- 

less degraded than in most heathen pressed with the intelligence and graceful 

countries. The} arc not subjed to so much manners of the Japanese ladies. 

seclusion as in other Eastern countries, but At home, the wife is mistress of the family ; 

but in other respects she is 
treated rather as a toy for 
her husband's pleasure, than 
as the loved companion and 
the confidential partner of 
his life. The first lady a 
Japanese marries is consid- 
ered the principal wife, but 
he may have; as many second- 
ary wives as bis means will 
allow him to support. The 
Jiusband may put away bis 
wife on a most trifling pre- 
text ; but under no circum- 
stances, and upon no plea 
whatever, can a wife demand 
a separation from her bus- 
band. 

Woman is without legal 
rights, and her testimony is 
not received in a court of jus- 
tice. The female sex in Ja- 
pan stands greatly in need of 
the Gospel, which, wherever 
it becomes the standard of 
puhlic opinion, restores wom- 
an to her proper position in 
the social scale. 




Thou whose Almighty word 
ChaoB and darkness heard, 

Ami took their flight, 
Hear us, we humbly pray, 
And where the Gospel day 
Sheds not its dorious r.'iy, 

Lot there- be light. 



IKE JAPANESE viU.A'it: BBATH /. 



JAPAN. 



31 




SIXTU TEMPLE AT YOKU-HAMA. 



r PHE two religious systems in Japan are 
-*- Sintuism and Baddhisui. The Sun god- 
dess, Ten-sio-dai-zin, is the chief deity of 
Sintuism ; hut there are thousands of infe- 
rior ones, called kami, of whom the greater 
number are deified men. It inculcates the 
worship of the kami, both in temples and 
private habitations, aud pilgrimage at certain 
seasons. The principal decorations of their 
temples consist of images of the kami ; a 
mirror, the emblem of the purity of the soul ; 
and various strips of white paper, called go- 
hei, also an emblem of purity. On festivals, 
the worshiper visits a temple, performs his 
ablutions in a reservoir provided for the pur- 
pose, kneels in the veranda, from whence, 
through a grated window, he gazes at the 
mirror, offers up his prayers, with his sacri- 
fice of rice, fruit, tea, drops his coin into the 
money-box, and retires. 




A SHRINE OF THE GODDESS OF MERCY 



1111. ORIENTAL PICTURE GALLERY 





WOMEN OF SIMODA, JAPAN. 

JAPANESE WEDDING PARTY. 



07"- 



N the night appointed for a wedding in 
apan, the bride's father, having invited 
all his kinsfolk, entertains them previous to 
the bride's departure. About midnight the 
brida] party sets out in palanquins, the bride 
first, then the bride's mother, and finally her 
father. The bride is attended by two ser- 
vants, and the whole party proceed to the 
house of the bridegroom, accompanied by 
men bearing torches and lanterns. 

On arriving at the bouse, the bride, ac- 
companied by two of her chosen friends, en- 
ters the room where the ceremony is to be 
celebrated. 

The formality of the marriage consists in 
drinking wine after a particular manner. 
The marriage is afterward consecrated by 
the prayers and benedictions of the priests of 
the temple to which the young couple be- 
long, ami who there register it. 






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